Food of the life.

Traditional full-course meal

Of the three basic elements of life ― house, clothing and food ― the change in dietary habits has most significantly affected Koreans. Rice still remains the staple of most Koreans, but among the younger generations, many prefer Western-style food.Rice has been usually accompanied by various side dishes, mostly seasoned vegetables, soup, pot stew, and meat.A traditional Korean meal is not complete without kimchi, a mixture of various pickled vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish, green onion and cucumber. Certain types of kimchi are made spicy with the addition of red chili pepper powder, while others are prepared without red chili peppers or are soaked in a tasty liquid. However, garlic is always used in kimchi to add to its flavor. In late November or early December, Korean families used to prepare enough kimchi to last the long winter. The kimchi was stored in large clay jars partially buried to maintain temperature and retain flavor. In modern Korea, housewives often don't have time to make kimchi or the outdoor space needed to store large amounts. But kimchi is still a vital part of the Korean lifestyle: companies making the fermented dish and others selling special kimchi refrigerators enjoy brisk sales.

Baechu Kimchi (left) and Bulgogi, Korea's most popular beef dish (right)In addition to kimchi, doenjang (soybean paste), with its anti-cancer attributes, has attracted the attention of modern-day nutritionists. Koreans used to make doenjang at home by boiling yellow beans, drying them in the shade, soaking them in salty water, and fermenting them in sunlight. However, only a few families go through this process anymore; the majority buy factory-made doenjang. Among meat dishes, seasoned bulgogi (usually beef) and galbi (beef or pork ribs) are the most favored by both Koreans and foreigners.

Everything you ever wanted to know about Korean surnames

When this author mentioned that he would be moving to Korea, he was told that he would soon have lots of friends named "Kim." Due to lack of prior contact with Korea or Korean people, he had no idea what this meant, but shortly after arrival on the peninsula the full reality became clear. According to Korean government statistics, fully 3,102,537 households, or 9,925,949 people, share the surname 金, written in Hangeul as 김, and usually Romanized as Kim, but occasionally as Gim or even Kym.
For a nation with a population of over 48 million, Korea does not have that many family names – in fact, less than 300 all told. This is interesting, when compared with a nation like the Netherlands, which only adopted surnames when forced to by Napoleon in 1811, and which has over 100,000 different names.
According to government statistics for the year 2000, 54 percent, or well over half of the population of the Republic of Korea has one of five family names: Kim (김), Lee (이), Park (박), Choi (최) or Chung (정). Their respective percentages of the population are 21.6, 14.8, 8.5, 4.7 and 4.4, respectively. Rounding out the top ten family names (64.1 percent of the population in total) are Kang (강), Cho (조), Yoon (윤), Chang (장), and Lim (임).
According to this page which gives a ranking of all Korean surnames, there were 286 surnames registered in the year 2000, compared to 274 in 1985 and 258 in 1960. Some of the least common surnames belong to only a handful of people each.
There are about a dozen "double-barreled" surnames, composed of two syllables and two Chinese characters. The most common of these is Namkoong (남궁), which comes in at 93rd in the league table of family names, at 18,743 people. Then there is Hwangbo (황보), Jegal (제갈), Sakong (사공), Sunwoo (선우) and a few others. These names can be tricky to non-Koreans upon first encountering them, especially if the person has a single character given (first) name. The foreigners, expecting all Korean names to have a single character family name and a two character first name, can easily be confused.
This useful site also has information on the various Romanizations of Korean surnames. Some names such as 이 and 정 have many different alternatives, because no system of Romanization is perfectly adequate to capture the sound in Latin orthography.
There are also examples of surnames taken by foreigners throughout history who became naturalized Korean citizens. Most of these were Chinese, although there were some Japanese, a Mongol, A Uighur, a Jurchen, an Arab and a Vietnamese example, too.
One thing to bear in mind is that not all Kims are the same. Surnames are divided up into regional clans (bon-gwan) based around a clan center or origin. So there are Gimhae Kims, Gyeongju Kims, Gwangsan Kims and Gimnyeong Kims. Similarly, there are Lee clans based in Gyeongju, Jeonju and Seongju. Historically, there was a law in Korea forbidding people from the same clan from marrying each other, but now that it is no longer applied. You can see all 216 registered clans in ranked order here.
All Korean family names are represented by Chinese characters because, while historically Korea had its own naming conventions, the Korean aristocracy adopted the Confucian naming conventions used by neighboring China during the fifth century onwards. Over time, Chinese family names were adopted by the entire population. Because many of the names have been used for so many centuries, they have become fully Koreanized. Consequently, more recently arrived names like Maeng, Ma, Ka, Bing, and Jegal sound clearly Chinese to Korean ears. This page shows all the Chinese characters (Hanja) for Korean surnames arranged alphabetically according to their Hangeul spelling. Sometimes one Hangeul or English spelling can be used by a number of different family names – such as Yoo (four different names).
Family names used in North Korea are the same as those in South Korea, although clan origin is no longer seen as important there. Also, some names that begin with a vowel sound when written in Hangeul in South Korea, such as 이 and 임, begin with the velar flap sound "riyeul" (ㄹ) in North Korea, namely 리 and 림.
Unlike in many western countries, Korean women do not take their husband's surnames upon marriage but children inherit their father's surname.
By Jacco ZwetslootKorea.net Staff Writer & Editor

Seoulites celebrate new Gwanghwamun Plaza

Since the official opening of the newly renovated Gwanghwamun Plaza, located in front of -- and named after -- the main gate of Gyeongbokgung (Gyeongbok Palace), on Aug. 1, more than one million people have visited it, according to Seoul Metropolitan Government on Aug. 9.
More than 400,000 people of all ages, genders and nationalities visited there within the first two days. They were excited to see the new landmark in Sejong-no (Sejong Road), central Seoul. Visitors looked around the 34-meter-wide and 557-meter-long plaza, stopping to sit on a bench for a rest, playing in the fountains and enjoying the beauty and the scent of the massive decorative flower arrangements.

Visitors looking at historic records engraved on the waterway (Photo: Yonhap News)

Before the opening of the new plaza, this place took up six of 16 lanes on a road through which thousands of cars pass every day, on either side of the statue of Admiral Yi Sun-shin (1545-1598).
More than 600 years ago, Gwanghwamun square was considered the venue for government buildings, with the main six government buildings straddling the square. Officials from these buildings gathered at the royal palace to discuss national affairs with the king during the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). Since then, this area was long considered the heart of Korean politics, and it has witnessed important turning points in Korean history.

Today, with the opening of the new plaza, visitors can have an opportunity to learn the history of the place if they look at a newly installed shallow waterway on the ground. By following the stream of water that passes to the east of the statue of Admiral Yi, they can read important records in Korean history from the Joseon Dynasty to modern times, carved on the surface of black rocks. Some of the records include the founding of the Joseon Dynasty by King Taejo in 1392 and the 2002 Korea-Japan FIFA World Cup. Future records will be recorded on the waterway that runs on the west side of the plaza, which is also built with black rocks.

(Photo: Yonhap News)

Also there are many other attractions to catch people's attention. To cool the heat of hot summer days for visitors, a 17-meter wide, 68-meter long chain of fountains in front of the statue spouts water every day and becomes a beautiful scene backed by colorful lights at night. According to Seoul Metropolitan Government, the fountain symbolizes Admiral Yi's victorious naval victories. Yi defeated a Japanese fleet of 133 ships with only 12 of his own in a sea battle in Myeongnyang Strait in 1597, and won all of his 23 sea battles.
Behind the statue, there is Gwanghwamun Plaza and Haechi underground square, connecting the plaza to Gwanghwamun Station on subway line 5. Haechi is a lion-like horned creature, also known as "Haetae," which was selected as Seoul's new symbol in 2008. Inside the underground square, visitors can find a Haechi sculpture, pictures and an exhibition of remains of old Gwanghwamun during the Joseon Dynasty, discovered during the construction of the plaza.
Walking further towards the center of the plaza, visitors can see a mini statue of King Sejong the Great (1397-1450), the fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty, who invented Korean alphabet, Hangeul. The Seoul Metropolitan Government plans to unveil a full-size statue of King Sejong on Hangeul Day, Oct. 9, exhibit achievements of the king and show a video based his invention of Hangeul.

(Photo: Yonhap News)

Behind the statue of King Sejong, a 163-meter long, colorful flower carpet wows visitors, keeping them busy taking pictures to record for posterity the beauty and pleasure of moments with family members and friends.
Not only visitors, but also a non-Korean expert welcomes the opening of the plaza. Mathew Carmona, professor of Planning and Urban Design of the University College of London, was quoted as saying Gwanghwamun Plaza will become the new center of Korea, just as Trafalgar Square is the center of London, according to a Yonhap News report on Aug. 10. The construction of the plaza will make Seoul a more pedestrian-friendly space, Yonhap News added.
For the convenience and safety of visitors, the Seoul Metropolitan Government plans to build more public facilities around the plaza in near future. It also plans to host a variety of events to promote the plaza, develop special tour programs and introduce the history behind Gwanghwamun to people.

* How to go there

Take subway line 5 and get off at Gwanghwamun station. Follow the underground path linking the station to the plaza. For more general travel information, call Korea Travel Phone (02-1330, English, Chinese and Japanese are available around the clock).
By Yoon Sojung Korea.net Staff Writer

Celebrate Korean spicy chicken and buckwheat noodles in Chuncheon

The Chuncheon Makguksu and Dakgalbi Festival will run for six days from Aug. 26 to 31.

Makguksu, a Korean buckwheat noodle and dakgalbi, a Korean style chicken dish, are two typical dishes of the Chuncheon area, highlighted through this annual festival each summer.

The festival will have a main performance stage, exhibitions, and free food sampling at Subyeon Park, Samcheong-dong, and will also feature other local specialties from around the world. There will be cookery classes as well as Asian food promotion to showcase similar dishes from China and Japan, together with fusion dishes. A singing contest will be open to the participation of adults, children and foreigners alike. Children can also enjoy themselves at Maemil (buckwheat) Playground, playing with a traditional buckwheat mallet, trying tuho (arrow throwing) and other activities. Other events for the kids will include balloon art, a quiz and characters. Makguksu (guksu means noodles in Korean) is one of the most simple noodle dishes that can be made at home, simply by kneading basic buckwheat flour dough and forcing it through a noodle press and then boiling it immediately. Simply add water from kimchi or dongchimi (watery radish kimchi) for flavoring. It would taste even better if you add vinegar, mustard and beef stock together with a mixture of vegetables and some seasoning.

Makguksu, or Mak-noodles In Chuncheon especially, buckwheat flour is kneaded with hot water to be pressed out from the noodle press. The noodles are then boiled and cooled down with cold water three or four times. Kimchi, usually the white, watery kind, is added, together with sliced and salted cucumber. A bit of powdered sesame and hot pepper is sprinkled on the top. Another added bonus to makguksu is that, thanks to the nutritious buckwheat, it is good for blood circulation and strengthens capillaries, among other health benefits. While at the festival, you can visit the Makguksu Experience Museum nearby. Dakgalbi, meaning “chicken ribs” is chicken meat immersed in hot sauce and fried on a large frying pan or skillet, together with vegetables. Back in the 1960s, thanks to Chuncheon being rich in chicken farms, the dish quickly became popular among college students and others that prefer a good hearty, meal that is relatively cheap in price. Also, most people are quite familiar with the nutrition of white meat, which is relatively high in Vitamin A and protein, and less in fat and salt than other meat. Nowadays you can also see such restaurants in any area in Korea.

Dakgalbi dishContests to be held at the festival are a makguksu eating contest, a dakgalbi slicing contest, rooster call impression, tossing eggs between couples and makguksu noodle measuring contest. Visitors will get to purchase frozen chicken products and other agricultural specialties of Chuncheon at reasonable prices. All the while music will continue to resound from the main stage. The Chuncheon City Choir, Taegeuk percussion group, a cappella performance, belly dancing, guitar and saxophone soloists, electronic orchestra and more will come on stage to show their best. Foreign performers will also be at the festival. A day for Japanese traditional performances is scheduled for Aug. 28 and Chinese performances on Aug. 29. The festival, which is in its second year, is expected to be much bigger in scale than last year, thanks to extra funding from the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in accordance with the government plan to globalize Korean food. The project aims to develop 100 brand names for Korean food to make local cuisine one of the top five foods in the world.Visit the homepage: Chuncheon Makguksu and Dakgalbi Festival (Korean) or Chuncheon English Website. For more details, contact 033-250-4347~8 (Korean). For free interpretation service call Korea Travel Phone: 1330 (Korean, English, Chinese, Japanese). By Kim Hee-sung Korea.net Staff Writer

Fair & Festival in Incheon: 80 days of future-themed fun

It's a global city festival, a conference on green growth, a multimedia show, a world robot display, a global wine festival, a collection of traditional cuisine, a giant concert, a kite flying competition and more, all combined into one.

The Incheon Global Fair & Festival (Aug. 7 – Oct. 25) has just kicked off, and will present the vision of future cities for the next 80 days.With the participation of a total of 137 cities -- 105 from abroad and 32 from home -- the grand fair seeks to provide a desirable model of a future city, filled with diverse culture and state-of-the-art technology under the theme “Lightening Tomorrow.” This festival, the first of its kind, has prepared a total of 68 programs made up of exhibitions, events and conferences, and hopes to attract about 7 million tourists from around Korea and overseas.

The festivities will take place at Incheon's Songdo City, which was designated the first Economic Free Zone in Korea in 2003. The area includes Songdo's Central Park, Tomorrow City and Songdo Convensia.

Planning of new city types

As the whole theme of the festival revolves around “City,” corporate displays and business fairs are another big part of the general event. In the exhibition sector, the Urban Planning Pavilion will present the history and development of well-known cities around the world. The Corporate Pavilion will showcase the work of some of the major construction groups in Korea including Hyundai, Daewoo and POSCO. This will include displays of their designs of a future city. The Robot Science Pavilion will update visitors on the latest in robotics technology, and related companies will have booths nearby. The Green Growth Pavilion will present ways to counter climate change. The World Culture Street will be adorned with symbolic sculptures, cultural heritage and other paraphernalia that represents the respective countries.

Big name scholars for big conferences

Some top minds from around the world will gather at Songdo Convensia, including Ban Ki-moon, the General-Secretary of the United Nations, and the futurist scholar from France, Jacques Attali. Twenty conferences will take place, starting with the Urban Redevelopment Conference, then the Asia Pacific City Summit, Urban Recycling International Conference, RFID/USN Conference and more. Secretary-General Ban will also be a key speaker at the opening ceremony of the Global Environment Forum 2009 (Aug. 11 and 12), attended by some 1,000 officials from government, research centers and NGO groups. The conference will actively discuss strategies for low carbon green growth, for the sustainable development of the earth's environment. The World City Water forum 2009 (Aug. 18-21), which will look into the increase in water shortages due to climate change, will discuss the kinds of disasters that are likely to occur in the future and focus on preventive measures. Some 5,000 attendees from 50 nations are scheduled to attend this forum. The Asia Pacific Cities Summit (Sept. 15 to 17) will bring together leaders of 130 cities from the Asia Pacific region in one place to exchange their experience and wisdom regarding the creative development of cities. Other big conferences, such as the 2009 u-City International Conference (Aug. 27 to 28), International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Oct. 18 to 22) and other meetings are expected to attract just as many participants.

Fun and events galore

The opening ceremony for the global fair took place on the Bi-ryu performing stage at 10 a.m., with exactly 2,009 Narae kites flying, carrying the wishes of children around the world. Girls' Generation and other Korean pop idol singers roused the city with a special concert that night. Throughout the festival there will be music concerts held every weekend. Maestro Chung Myung-hoon and his orchestra will be the first to give a performance on August 8. Other top-rated local musicians will follow with their prowess in classics, hip hop, rock and ballad. The World Robot Game Festival, much anticipated by young children will take place over three days from August 7 to 9, followed by the World Robot Soccer Game from August 18 to 20. Other sports-related events are Korea Open-International Taekwondo Competition (Aug. 18 to 22), Incheon Bridge International Marathon 2009 (Oct. 11) and the Incheon Bridge 90-hour Walk (Oct. 17).

Things to see & eat

There is a giant outdoor screen in the plaza measuring 22 meters wide and 12 meters high that shows clear, high-quality 3-D images advertising the festival.Throughout the festival the Multimedia Water Show at Michuhol Fountain will shine high with its cutting-edge system composed of hollo-screen and sphere vision, shown for the first time in Korea. It includes audio, laser arts, videos and fireworks. The World's City Booth will showcase Asia's biggest diorama made of Lego and present a drama completely acted out by robots. A Gulliver Teddy Bear, 10 meters wide, 2 meters high and 2.3 meters wide will be at the World Culture Street together with a regular performance of a puppet show from Vietnam. Also at the main stadium there will a giant wooden horse as big as the Trojan Horse constructed in Turkey's northwestern city of Canakkale. The Tomorrow City will proudly present a zoo made up of robot animals and other future technology.

Getting to Incheon

The Incheon Global Fair and Festival will be open every day from 9:30 a.m. to 10 p.m. until Sept. 20. From Sept. 21 to the end of the festival on Oct. 25, the Fair will be opened till 8 p.m. except on weekends, when late closing will continue. For ticket reservations visit the homepage, Ticket Link (Korean), Interpark (Korean) or the nearest branch of Shinhan Bank. It's 15,000 won for adults, (Group discount: 12,000 won for 30 or more people), 11,000 won for youths aged 13 to 18 and 8,000 won for children aged 4 to 12. For those who plan to purchase tickets at the gate, it's 18,000 won for adults (group discount: 14,000 won), 13,000 won for youths and 10,000 won for children. For more details on Incheon Global Fair, call 1666-2009. Japanese and Spanish-speaking guides are available from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., English is available until from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. and Chinese from 3:30 to 10 p.m. For other free interpreting services, you can also dial Korea Travel Phone on 1330 (English, Japanese and Chinese). For transportation and other transport details, visit the visitors' information site. You can also try the website for Incheon City. (Some homepages may be a bit slow due to their heavy graphics content.) Pamphlets and maps written in English, Chinese and Japanese are available for visitors on the spot.

By Kim Hee-sung Korea.net Staff Writer

Jeju dialect proverb board

Jeju has a very unique, traditional dialect.
We can't know, especially guessing also difficult.
I thought it also kind of foreign language.
I need a translation. maybe everyone don't know except jeju citizen.

Let's smile.

One looks smile(right side), but the other looks serious.
I like smile face more it makes me comfortable.